Typical Treatment Process Flow Diagrams

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Typical Treatment Process Flow Diagrams

When treatment processes are grouped together to achieve a specific treatment objective, the grouping is identified as a treatment process flow diagram or as a treatment train.

(a) Conventional biological treatment typical flow diagram

For the removal of BOD5 and TSS.

The primary treatment is used for the removal of large, coarse solids by screening and those particles of sufficient density to be removed by gravity settling.

Biological treatment is used to remove BOD5, and TSS disinfection is used for the control of microorganisms.

Tertiary treatment typically involves the filtration of settled secondary effluent to remove any residual suspended solids and thus enhance the disinfection process. Tertiary treatment is for reuse applications.

(b) Biological nutrient removal typical flow diagram

In many locations, especially in inland lakes, the removal of nutrients is needed to limit eutrophication.

(c) Advanced treatment following conventional or nutrient removal treatment

For

1. Potable water from wastewater
2. Groundwater aquifer injection

Used after

1. Advanced treatment processes
2. secondary treatment with nutrient removal

Aim: remove

1. Residual suspended
2. Collodials
3. Dissolved constituent

(d) Anaerobic treatment of sludge from primary sedimentation and excess biological sludge

Coarse solids are from raw wastewater by screening and grit removal,

Primary sludge is from the primary sedimentation of raw wastewater

Secondary sludge is from the biological treatment of wastewater.

Each of these solid fractions requires further processing. Coarse solids and grit are typically landfilled.

Sludge obtained from

1. primary sedimentation are combined with secondary solids
2. biological treatment and treated further by a number of different processes, with anaerobic digestion being the most common. Stabilized sludges are termed biosolids.

It is the option of treating the return flows from various solids processing equipment. Treatment of return flows is of importance where restrictive nutrient standards must be met to avoid returning excess nutrients that must be treated again.